Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, caused by the uncontrolled growth of breast tissue cells. It can affect both women and men, though women are at far higher risk.
Risk Factors
- Family history or genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2)
- Increasing age
- Hormonal and reproductive history
- Lifestyle factors such as obesity, alcohol use, and lack of physical activity
- Lifestyle factors such as obesity, alcohol use, and lack of physical activity
Detection and Diagnosis
- Mammograms, breast self-exams, and clinical exams help with early detection.
- Biopsy and imaging (ultrasound, MRI) confirm diagnosis and determine cancer stage.
- Biopsy and imaging (ultrasound, MRI) confirm diagnosis and determine cancer stage.
Key Symptoms Beyond a Lump
While a lump is the most well-known sign, breast cancer may also present with:
- Swelling in part or all of the breast
- Skin dimpling (orange peel texture)
- Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)
- Inverted or painful nipple
- Redness, scaliness, or thickening of breast/nipple skin
- Swelling or lumps under the arm
- Swelling or lumps under the arm
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cancer’s type and stage
- Surgery (lumpectomy, mastectomy)
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy (for hormone receptor–positive cancers)
Targeted or immunotherapy (for specific subtypes)
Targeted or immunotherapy (for specific subtypes)
Life After Treatment
Survivorship involves ongoing care:
- Balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
- Regular exercise
- Consistent follow-up screenings
- Emotional and community support